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(Publication Type: Proceedings)
Curtis, L.; Beveridge, M.; El-Gamal, A.R.; Mannini, P. (eds.) Adapting to climate change: the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture in the Near East and North Africa region: Workshop Proccedings: FAO/WorldFish workshop, Abbassa, Egypt. 10-12 Nov 2009. 2011. ISBN 978-92-5-106822-9.
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular; no. 1066.
This project was initiated by FAO in order to address how the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture can be used to address the impacts of climate change to fisheries and aquaculture in the Near East and North Africa Region (RNEA). This document provides suggestions and recommendations made by the experts regarding the adoption of the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture that are considered to be important in helping adapt to climate change in the region. It also contains five technical review papers (climate change, the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries, the ecosystem-based approach to aquaculture, climate change and fisheries, and climate change and aquaculture) and four subregional reviews (Mauritania/Morocco, Mediterranean, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman) prepared as background material to the workshop. The report was prepared by the workshop secretariat.
Subject Descriptors: Fisheries; Climatic change

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Bell, J.D.; Andrew, N.L.; Batty, M.J.; Chapman, L.B.; Dambacher, J.M. et al. Adapting tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change: management measures, policies and investments. 2011. ISBN 978-982-00-0471-9.
p. 803-876. In: Bell, J.D. ; Johnson, J.E. ; Hobday, A.J. (eds.) Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia.
The main purpose of this book is to assess how changes projected to occur under low (B1) and high (A2) emissions scenarios in 2035 and 2100 could derail plans by the Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) to use the sustainable benefits of fisheries and aquaculture to foster economic development, government revenue, food security and livelihoods1,2 (Chapters 1 and 12). This chapter sets out the information needed by stakeholders in the fisheries and aquaculture sector at all levels to reduce the threats and capitalise on the opportunities created by climate change The authors emphasise that adaptations and policies to build the resilience of the Pacific communities to climate change should not be viewed just from a scientific or technical perspective - the needs and aspirations of people must also be integrated. Understanding how people are affected, and how their traditional knowledge, capacities and perspectives can help develop and implement adaptations is a vital part of the process. Community consultation and participation are essential to ensure that adaptations incorporate a human rights and human development approach to achieve gender equality, maintain relevant traditional customs and culture, and empower young people.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic change; Fisheries; Aquaculture; Livelihoods; Food security; Economic aspects

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(Publication Type: Policy Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Aquaculture and food security in Solomon Islands. 2011.
Policy brief no. 2011-08. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 8 p.
"Aquaculture and Food Security in the Solomon Islands" (ACIAR Project FIS/2009/061) was formulated to assist the Government of Solomon Islands in better understanding the future demand for aquaculture and particularly to develop a strategy to guide future development of sustainable inland aquaculture to support food security and secure livelihoods for the Solomon Islands in response to rising populations and climate change. The project was implemented through a partnership of three agencies: The WorldFish Center, the Solomon Islands Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) and the Secretar iat for the Pacific Community (SPC).

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(Publication Type: Article)
Phillips, M.; Schwarz, A.M.; Pickering, T. Aquaculture and food security in Solomon Islands. 2011.
SPC Fisheries Newsletter no.134: 17-18.
Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) are some of the most vulnerable nations to climate change. Growing populations, combined with climate change and overfishing of inshore reef fish, will compound food security problems arising from an increasing gap between fish demand and supply. Along with some other PICTs, Solomon Islands recognises the need for new sources of fish to meet future food security requirements. Options include fish imports, increasing access to offshore tuna fisheries such as with inshore fish aggregating devices, and aquaculture development. The Government of Solomon Islands has identified inland aquaculture as one means of addressing the gap between fish supply and demand.
Subject Descriptors: Food security; Aquaculture

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(Publication Type: Project Flyer)
The WorldFish Center. Aquaculture helping to improve health and nutrition in Bangladesh. 2011.
Project Flyer 2011-62. The WorldFish Center. Penang, Malaysia.
Bangladesh has made important human development gains in recent years, reflected by reductions in poverty, mortality of children under five, and chronic malnutrition. These gains have been achieved in spite of frequent natural disasters, volatile food/fuel prices, and the effects of climate change. However, the prevalence of underweight children in the country (41%) is still the highest in the world. Chronic poverty is evident, particularly in rural areas, where many families are unable to meet their food needs. Transitory food insecurity is serious in those coastal and riverside areas affected by natural disasters
Subject Descriptors: Nutrition; Health

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Hall, S.J. Climate change and other external drivers in small-scale fisheries: practical steps for responding. 2011. ISBN 978-1-84593-607-5.
p. 132-159. In: Pomeroy, R.S. ; Andrew, N.L. (eds.) Small-scale fisheries management: frameworks and approaches for the developing world. Cabi, UK. 247 p.
The effects of international trade, market globalization, technology, climatic change, health and disease, demography, governance, development patterns and aquaculture on small-scale fisheries and practical suggestions for researchers, managers and policy makers on how to develop responses to these challenges are presented.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic changes; Artisanal fishing

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SH207 R4 #2011-09 (Publication Type: Workshop Report)
Badjeck, M.C.; Katikiro, R.E.; Flitner, M.; Diop, N.; Schwerdtner Máñez, K. Envisioning 2050: climate change, aquaculture and fisheries in West Africa. Dakar, Senegal 14-16 April 2010. 2011.
Workshop report no. 2011-09. Penang/Bremen: WorldFish/ZMT. 27 p.
This report presents the activities and results of the workshop Envisioning 2050: Climate Change, Aquaculture and Fisheries in West Africa. The objectives of the workshop were to discuss critical issues and uncertainties faced by the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Ghana, Senegal and Mauritania, build sectoral scenarios for 2050 and discuss the implication of these scenarios in the context of climate change for the countries and the region.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic change; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Project Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Fish supply and demand scenarios in Cambodia and perspectives on the future role of aquaculture. 2011.
Project brief no. 2011-23. WorldFish Center, Cambodia.
This project FIS/2010/031 is funded by Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan.
Fish is vital to the well-being and livelihoods to millions of people in the Lower Mekong Basin, many of whom are poor, relying on fish as a major source of animal protein, sometimes the only source. The supply of ‘free’ wild fish is under threat from overfishing, climate change, habitat modification and hydro power development which could mean less fish supplied from natural sources yet at the same time more demand. Aquaculture - farming of fish and other aquatic animals - is becoming increasingly more important in supplying fish to people in the region. This study was initiated to explore in more detail future fish supply scenarios, the role of aquaculture, and provide a basis for understanding future investment and strategies for its sustainable development. The study was conducted by the Fisheries Administration (FiA), Inland Fisheries Research Development Institute (IFReDI) and the WorldFish Center co-funded by Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan.
Subject Descriptors: Aquaculture; Food security

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Dulvy, N.K.; Reynolds, J.D.; Pilling, G.M.; Pinnegar, J.K.; Phillips, J.S.; Allison, E.H.; Badjeck, M.C. Fisheries management and governance challenges in a climate change. 2011. ISBN 9789264090361.
p. 31-88. IN: OECD. The economics of adapting fisheries to climate change.
This chapter outlines the causes and consequences of climate change and summarise future projections for ocean temperature rise, coral bleaching events and ocean acidification, and the associated uncertainties. This review largely focuses on marine ecosystems, as three quarters of capture fisheries landings come from the seas. However, it also presents key issues and examples from freshwater fisheries, as these fisheries provide important livelihoods and fish protein for some of the world’s poorest people.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic change; Fishery management

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SH207 B7 #2011-32 (Publication Type: Issues Brief)
Weeratunge-Starkloff, N.; Pant, J. Gender and aquaculture: sharing the benefits equitably. 2011.
Issues brief 2011-32. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 12 p.
Aquaculture is the fastest growing agricultural sector in the world; it can meet both the food security and cash needs of poor households in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. Women’s involvement in aquaculture is more significant than often assumed. In many developing countries formal statistics often overlook the nature and extent of their vital contribution. Research on gender and aquaculture at the WorldFish Center identifies five key themes for consideration. 1) Market, trade and migration 2)Capabilities and well being 3)Identities and networks 4)Governance and rights 5)Climate change, disaster and resilience.
Subject Descriptors: Aquaculture; Women

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Bell, J.D.; Reid, C.; Batty, M.J.; Allison, E.H.; Lehodey, P.; Rodwell, L.; Pickering, T.D.; Gillett, R.; Johnson, J.E.; Hobday, A.; Demmke, A. Implications of climate change for contributions by fisheries and aquaculture to Pacific Island economies and communities. 2011. ISBN 978-982-00-0471-9.
p. 733-801. In: Bell, J.D. ; Johnson, J.E. ; Hobday, A.J. (eds.) Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia.
Throughout Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) there is broad recognition that fisheries and aquaculture make vital contributions to economic development, government revenue, food security and livelihoods. It is also clear that the plans to optimise the benefits of fisheries and aquaculture for the region are likely to be affected by climate change The authors begin by summarising the recent contributions of oceanic, coastal and freshwater fisheries, and aquaculture, to the region and then explain the plans PICTs have to optimise these benefits and conclude by assessing the vulnerability of these plans to the main projected changes in production of fisheries resources and aquaculture due to climate change for 2035 and 2100 under a low (B1) and high (A2) emissions scenarios.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic change; Fisheries; Aquaculture; Livelihoods; Food security; Economic aspects

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Allison, E.H.; Badjeck, M.C.; Meinhold, K. The Implications of global climate change for molluscan aquaculture. 2011. ISBN 978-0-8138-1413-1.
p. 461-490. In: Shumway, S.E. (ed.) Shellfish aquaculture and the environment. Wiley-Blackwell. 528 p.
Climate change is leading to alterations in the basic biophysical processes that determine the ecological structure and function of the oceans. This will have an impact on the future of molluscan shellfish farming. The impacts may be positive or negative, depending upon location. The pathways through which shellfish farming may be affected by climate change are complex, but may include increased mortality and decreased growth rates from a combination of climate-change related stresses such as ocean acidification, reduced oxygenation of heated, enclosed waters, changes in primary production, changes in natural spatfall, changes in the frequency of pathogenic infections and the distribution of pests and nonnative species. Additionally, increased extreme weather events may increase losses and direct damage to aquaculture installations and coastal infrastructure.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic change; Shellfish culture

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Njayaa, F.; Snyder, K.A.; Jamu D.; Wilson, J.; Howard-Williams, C.; Allison, E.H.; Andrew, N.L. The natural history and fisheries ecology of Lake Chilwa, southern Malawi. 2011. ISSN 0380-1330.
Journal of Great Lakes Research 37(S1): 15-25.
Lake Chilwa produces between zero and 24,000 metric tons of fish per year, making it one of the most productive but variable lakes in Africa. The size of the lake varies seasonally and among years, sometimes drying completely. Its surrounding wetland and floodplain provide habitat for a diversity of birds and economically valuable grasses and reeds. When the lake has water, there is considerable activity on its shores and temporary fishing villages spring up. People move in and out of the lake basin in concert with these seasonal and longer term changes. This paper examines the environmental dynamics of Lake Chilwa and its surrounding wetlands, presents an overview of the socio-economic context of the area and discusses threats to this resilient system that might occur as a result of climate change. We conclude that management of Lake Chilwa must place the lake in the wider economic and ecological system in which it is situated. Ultimately, land-use practices within the basin present more of a threat to the resilience of the fishery and people's livelihoods than overfishing or a strict focus on the lake's resources. These perspectives present significant challenges to conventional fisheries governance.
Subject Descriptors: Lake fisheries; Environments; Socioeconomic aspects

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Allison, E.H.; Béné, C.; Andrew, N.L. Poverty reduction as a means to enhance resilience in small-scale fisheries. 2011. ISBN 978-1-84593-607-5.
p. 216-237. In: Pomeroy, R.S. ; Andrew, N.L. (eds.) Small-scale fisheries management: frameworks and approaches for the developing world. Cabi, UK. 247 p.
This chapter examines the multiple dimensions of poverty and related 'state of being' such as vulnerability and social exclusion, with reference to several important aspects of vulnerability, including gender, climate change, HIV/AIDS and child labour.
Subject Descriptors: Artisanal fishing; Livelihoods

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Barange, M.; Allen, I.; Allison, E.; Badjeck, M.C. et al. Predicting the impacts and socio-economic consequences of climate change on global marine ecosystems and fisheries: the QUEST_Fish framework. 2011. ISBN 9781444334678.
Chapter 3. In: Ommer, R.E. ; Perry, R.I. ; Cochrane, K. ; Cury, P. (eds.) World fisheries: a social-ecological analysis. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. 418 p.
Climate change is accelerating and is already affecting the marine environment. Estimating the effects of climate change on the production of fish resources, and their dependent societies, is complex because of: difficulties of downscaling Global Climate Models (GCM) to scales of biological relevance; uncertainties over future net primary production and its transfer through the food chain; difficulties in separating the multiple stressors affecting fish production; and inadequate methodology to estimate human vulnerabilities to these changes. QUEST_Fish, a research project led from the UK, is addressing some of these challenges through an innovative, multi-disciplinary approach focused on estimating the added impacts that climate change is likely to cause, and the subsequent additional risks and vulnerabilities of these effects for human societies. The project uses coupled shelf seas biophysical ecosystem models forced by GCM forecasts to predict ecosystem functioning in past, present, and future time-slices. For each slice, and for 20 Large Marine Ecosystems, we estimate plankton production and use this to estimate size-based fish production through models based on macro-ecological theory. Ways of assessing vulnerability of fisheries to future climate change are developed, including the market consequences for fish-based global commodities. The results provide a new framework and new insights into the complex interactions between humans and nature.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic changes; Marine fisheries; Ecosystems

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(Publication Type: Project Flyer)
The WorldFish Center. Sub-Saharan fish trade and nutrition in a changing climate. 2011.
Project Flyer 2011-60. The WorldFish Center. Penang, Malaysia.
There is an increasing ‘fish gap’ in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where fish supplies have failed to keep pace with the region’s growing demand. Despite the high dependence on fish for nutrition in much of the region, consumption is currently half the global average and declining. In SSA, as in many other regions globally, marine and inland capture fisheries resources are stagnating or decreasing, largely due to environmental or ecosystem changes and over-exploitation. Climate change is already altering the distribution of fish stocks and rainfall patterns upon which these fisheries depend. At the same time, globalization has favoured developing country exports of high-value fish.
Subject Descriptors: Climate change

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(Publication Type: Report)
Govan, H.; Schwarz, A.M.; Boso, D. The WorldFish Center. Towards integrated island management: lessons from Lau, Malaita, for the implementation of a national approach to resource management in Solomon Islands. 2011.
WorldFish Center report to SPREP. Penang, Malaysia. 69 p.
This work is funded by the Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP) with support from the Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific Islands (CRISP)
Solomon Islands has recently developed substantial policy aiming to support inshore fisheries management, conservation, climate change adaptation and ecosystem approaches to resource management. A large body of experience in community based approaches to management has developed but “upscaling” and particularly the implementation of nation-wide approaches has received little attention so far. With the emerging challenges posed by climate change and the need for ecosystem wide and integrated approaches attracting serious donor attention, a national debate on the most effective approaches to implementation is urgently needed. This report discusses potential implementation of “a cost-effective and integrated approach to resource management that is consistent with national policy and needs” based on a review of current policy and institutional structures and examination of a recent case study from Lau, Malaita using stakeholder, transaction and financial cost analyses.
Subject Descriptors: Resource management

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(Publication Type: Workshop Report)
Badjeck, M.C.; Katikiro, R.E.; Flitner, M.; Diop, N.; Schwerdtner Máñez, K. Vision 2050: changement climatique, pêche et aquaculture en Afrique de l’Ouest Du 14 au 16 avril 2010, Dakar, Sénégal. 2011.
Rapport d’atelier No. 2011-10. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 28 p.
Ce rapport présente les activités et les résultats de l’atelier Vision 2050: Changement climatique, pêche et aquaculture en Afrique de l’Ouest. Les objectifs de l’atelier étaient de discuter les questions critiques et les incertitudes auxquelles est confronté le secteur de la pêche et de l’aquaculture au Ghana, au Sénégal et en Mauritanie, d’élaborer des scénarios sectoriels pour 2050 et de discuter de l’implication de ces scénarios dans le contexte du changement climatique pour ces pays et la région ouest africaine.
Subject Descriptors: Climate change; Fisheries; Aquaculture

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Schwarz, A.M.; Béné, C.; Bennett, G.; Boso, D.; Hilly, Z.; Paul, C.; Posala, R.; Sibiti, S.; Andrew, N. Vulnerability and resilience of remote rural communities to shocks and global changes: empirical analysis from Solomon Islands. 2011. ISSN 0959-3780.
Global Environmental Change 21(3): 1128-1140.
Successful management of socio-ecological systems not only requires the development and field-testing of robust and measurable indices of vulnerability and resilience but also improved understanding of the contextual factors that influence societal capacity to adapt to change. We present the results of an analysis conducted in three coastal communities in Solomon Islands. An integrated assessment map was used to systematically scan the communities’ multiple dimensions of vulnerability and to identify factors affecting households’ perception about their capacity to cope with shocks (resilience). A multivariate probit approach was used to explore relationships amongst factors. Social processes such as community cohesion, good leadership, and individual support to collective action were critical factors influencing the perception that people had about their community's ability to build resilience and cope with change. The analysis also suggests a growing concern for a combination of local (internal) and more global (external) contingencies and shocks, such as the erosion of social values and fear of climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Government; Climatic change; Vulnerability; Adaptations; Fishing community

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (Refereed))
Pickering, T.D.; Ponia, B.; Hair, C.A.; Southgate, P.C.; Poloczanska, E.; Patrona, L.D.; Teitelbaum, A.; Mohan, C.V.; Phillips, M.J.; Bell, J.D.; De Silva, S. Vulnerability of aquaculture in the tropical Pacific to climate change. 2011. ISBN 978-982-00-0471-9.
p. 647-731. In: Bell, J.D. ; Johnson, J.E. ; Hobday, A.J. (eds.) Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia.
In this chapter, the authors assess the vulnerability of aquaculture in the tropical Pacific to climate change. It begins by summarising recent and potential aquaculture production to set the scene for the sector, and then use the framework outlined in Chapter 1, based on exposure, sensitivity, potential impact and adaptive capacity, to evaluate the vulnerability of the main commodities for food security and livelihoods. It also looks at the risks posed by climate change to increased incidence of diseases.The authors then integrate all projected effects of climate change to assess the vulnerability of the sector as a whole. The chapter is concluded by examining the remaining uncertainty and the research needed to fill the gaps, and by identifying the management measures required to capitalise on the opportunities, and to minimise the adverse effects, expected to result from climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic change; Fisheries; Aquaculture; Food security; Livelihoods

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(Publication Type: Article)
Mannini, P.; Beveridge, M.; Curtis, L. Adapting to climate change: the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture in the Near East and North Africa region. 2010.
FAO Aquaculture Newsletter No. 45 : 14-15.
The FAO/WorldFish Center Workshop on Adapting to Climate Change: the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Near East and North Africa took place in November, 2009 to identify and address the impacts created by climate change in the region, and how the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) and Aquaculture (EAA) can be utilized for the management and adaptation of fisheries and aquaculture in the face of these impacts. The workshop was structured through working group sessions divided into three main topic areas, namely: a) identifying climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture; b) identifying adaptation/ management strategies for priority impacts/issues; and c) understanding regional and sub-regional capacities for the implementation of adaptation strategies.

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(Publication Type: Report Chapter)
Kam, S.P.; Badjeck, M.C.; Phillips, M.; Pomeroy, R. (contributors) Aquaculture [in Vietnam] 2010.
Section four Aquaculture. p. 29-42. In: The World Bank. Economics of adaptation to climate change: Vietnam. The World Bank Group, Washington D.C.
This report provides a synthesis of key findings of sector studies undertaken in Vietnam in the context of the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study. Sectors studied include agriculture, forestry, coastal port and aquaculture. Aquaculture, especially in the Mekong River Delta, is an important source of employment and rural income. The main impacts of climate change on aquaculture seem likely to be a consequence of increased flooding and salinity.
Subject Descriptors: Aquaculture

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(Publication Type: Report)
Johnston, R.; Lacombe, G.; Hoanh, C.T.; Noble, A.; Pavelic, P.; Smakhtin, V.; Suhardiman, D.; Kam, S.P.; Choo, P.S. Climate change, water and agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion. 2010. ISBN 978-92-9090-728-2. ISSN 1026-0862.
IWMI research report 136. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 60 p.
The report reviews the current status and trends in water management in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS); assesses likely impacts of climate change on water resources to 2050 based on historical patterns and simulated projections; examines water management strategies in the context of climate and other changes; and identifies priority actions for governments and communities to improve resilience of the water sector and safeguard food production.

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(Publication Type: Bibliography)
Katikiro, R.; Schwerdtner Máñez, K.; Flitner, M.; Badjeck, M.C. Fisheries production systems, climate change and climate variability in West Africa: an annotated bibliography. 2010.
The Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Bremen, Germany ; The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 62 p.
This bibliography is intended for people who are involved in fisheries, aquaculture, climate change, disaster management and policy development in West Africa or interested in one or more of these issues. The literature in this bibliography includes peer-reviewed journals, books and book chapters, grey reports and institutional technical papers, but is restricted to literature in English. Each citation also includes an abstract. They were gathered through an extensive web search using fisheries, fish, coastal, inland, aquaculture and/or in combination with climate change and impacts, climate variability, specific country names, West Africa and Gulf of Guinea as the main keywords.
Subject Descriptors: Fisheries; Climatic change; Aquaculture; Inland fisheries; Bibliographies; Disasters

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Abernethy, K.E.; Trebilcock, P.; Kebede, B.; Allison, E.H.; Dulvy, N.K. Fuelling the decline in UK fishing communities? 2010. ISSN 1054-3139.
ICES Journal of Marine Science 67(5): 1076–1085.
Volatile fuel prices are a threat to the viability of UK fishing communities. The economic and social impacts of rising fuel costs for fishers and communities in southwest England are examined. Fuel prices doubled between early 2007 and mid-2008, whereas fish prices remained relatively stable throughout as a result of the price-setting power of seafood buyers. It was the fishers who absorbed the increased costs, resulting in significant loss of income, reduced job security, and problems in recruiting crew. All gear types were affected, but fishers using towed gears were most adversely impacted. Fishing vessels with recent investment have greater fuel efficiency, so appeared to be more able to cope and to adapt to increased fuel costs. Fishing behaviour also altered as skippers attempted to increase fuel efficiency at the cost of reduced catches. Most skippers reported fishing closer to port, reducing their exploratory fishing, and ceasing experimentation with fishing gears with lesser environmental impact. Therefore, a threat to fishing community viability may have linked environmental effects. The impacts of this fuel price volatility foreshadow a likely future impact of rising fuel prices attributable to climate change adaptation and mitigation and forecasts of rising oil prices. Without proactive planning and policy development, rising fuel prices have the potential to cause job losses and economic hardship additional to problems that may arise from poor management and stock decline, in all fishing-related sectors of the industry.
Subject Descriptors: Fuels; Cost; Fishery industry

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Badjeck, M.C.; Diop, N. The future is now: how scenarios can help Senegalese and Mauritanian fisheries adapt to climate change. 2010.
Nature & Faune 25(1): 62-68.
Localized changes in the productivity of marine and inland waters induced by climate change will pose new challenges to the fishery and the aquaculture sectors in West Africa. However, climate change does not occur in isolation of other drivers of change: processes of environmental, economic and social change can affect the fishery sector, potentially creating additional vulnerability to climate change. Scenarios are a useful tool to explore uncertainties and understand non-climatic drivers of change. Despite their prevalence in global environmental change research, few have focused on the fisheries sector. This article presents the construction of fisheries sector scenarios for Senegal and Mauritania required for the analysis of climate change adaptation policies.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Artisanal fishing

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(Publication Type: Issues Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Gender and fisheries: do women support, complement or subsidize men's small-scale fishing activities? 2010.
Issue brief 2108. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 8 p.
Women’s involvement in fisheries is more significant than often assumed. According to current estimates from nine major fish producing countries, they comprise 46% of the labor force in smallscale capture fisheries-related activities, including pre- and post-harvesting work. Their current engagement is shaped by rapidly dwindling fisheries stocks on one hand, and the increased global demand for fish on the other. At the WorldFish Center, research on gender and fisheries currently focuses on: 1. Markets, trade and migration 2. Capabilities and well-being 3. Identities and networks 4. Governance and rights 5. Climate change, disasters and resilience

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Weeratunge, N.; Snyder, K.A.; Choo, P.S. Gleaner, fisher, trader, processor: understanding gendered employment in fisheries and aquaculture. 2010. ISSN 1467-2960.
Fish and Fisheries 11(4):405–420.
Most research on gender difference or inequities in capture fisheries and aquaculture in Africa and the Asia-Pacific focuses on the gender division of labour. Emerging research on globalization, market changes, poverty and trends in gendered employment within this sector reveals the need to move beyond this narrow perspective. If gleaning and post-harvesting activities were enumerated, the fisheries and aquaculture sector might well turn out to be female sphere. A livelihoods approach better enables an understanding of how employment in this sector is embedded in other social, cultural, economic, political and ecological structures and processes that shape gender inequities and how these might be reduced. We focus on four thematic areas - markets and migration, capabilities and well-being, networks and identities, governance and rights - as analytical entry points. These also provide a framework to identify research gaps and generate a comparative understanding of the impact of development processes and socioecological changes, including issues of climate change, adaptation and resilience, on gendered employment. Without an adequate analysis of gender, fisheries management and development policies may have negative effects on people’s livelihoods, well-being and the environment they depend on, or fail altogether to achieve intended outcomes.
Subject Descriptors: Aquaculture development; Female; Women; Gender; Fishery development

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Badjeck, M.C.; Allison, E.H.; Halls, A.S.; Dulvy, N.K. Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods. 2010. ISSN 0308-597X.
Marine Policy 34(3): 375-383.
There is increasing concern over the consequences of global warming for the food security and livelihoods of the world’s 36million fisherfolk and the nearly 1.5 billion consumers who rely on fish for more than 20% of their dietary animal protein. With mounting evidence of the impacts of climate variability and change on aquatic ecosystems, the resulting impacts on fisheries livelihoods are likely to be significant, but remain a neglected area in climate adaptation policy. Drawing upon our research and the available literature,and using a livelihoods framework, this paper synthesizes the pathways through which climate variability and change impact fisherfolk livelihoods at the household and community level. We identify current and potential adaptation strategies and explore the wider implications for local livelihoods, fisheries management and climate policies. Responses to climate change can be anticipatory or reactive and should include: (1)management approaches and policies that build the livelihood asset base,reducing vulnerability to multiple stressors,including climate change;(2) an understanding of current response mechanisms to climate variability and other shocks in order to inform planned adaptation;(3) a recognition of the opportunities that climate change could bring to the sector; (4)adaptive strategies designed with a multi-sector perspective; and (5) a recognition of fisheries potential contribution to mitigation efforts.

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Welcomme, R.L.; Cowx, I.G.; Coates, D.; Béné, C.; Funge-Smith, S.; Halls, A.; Lorenzen, K. Inland capture fisheries. 2010. ISSN 0962-8436.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365 (1554): 2881-2896.
The reported annual yield from inland capture fisheries in 2008 was over 10 million tonnes, although real catches are probably considerably higher than this. Inland fisheries are extremely complex, and in many cases poorly understood. The numerous water bodies and small rivers are inhabited by a wide range of species and several types of fisher community with diversified livelihood strategies for whom inland fisheries are extremely important. Many drivers affect the fisheries, including internal fisheries management practices. There are also many drivers from outside the fishery that influence the state and functioning of the environment as well as the social and economic framework within which the fishery is pursued. The drivers affecting the various types of inland water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands may differ, particularly with regard to ecosystem function. Many of these depend on land-use practices and demand for water which conflict with the sustainability of the fishery. Climate change is also exacerbating many of these factors. The future of inland fisheries varies between continents. In Asia and Africa the resources are very intensely exploited and there is probably little room for expansion; it is here that resources are most at risk. Inland fisheries are less heavily exploited in South and Central America, and in the North and South temperate zones inland fisheries are mostly oriented to recreation rather than food production.
Subject Descriptors: Inland fisheries; River fisheries; Lagoon fisheries; Reservoir fisheries; Lake fisheries

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Balaghi, R.; Badjeck, M.C.; Bakari, D.; De Pauw, E.; De Wit, A.; Defourny, P.; Donato, S.; Gommes, R.; Jlibene, M.; Ravelo, A.C.; Sivakumar, M.V.K.; Telahigue, N.; Tychon, B. Managing climatic risks for enhanced food security: key information capabilities. 2010. ISSN 1878-0296.
Procedia Environmental Sciences 1: 313-323.
Food security is expected to face increasing challenges from climatic risks that are more and more exacerbated by climate change, especially in the developing world. This document lists some of the main capabilities that have been recently developed, especially in the area of operational agroclimatology, for an efficient use of natural resources and a better management of climatic risks. It also lists some of the capabilities available to practitioners and decision-makers, starting with the dissemination of agroclimatic data analyses and advice.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Food security

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Proceedings paper)
Bobba, A.G.; Chambers, P.; Rao, Y.R.S.; Mondal, N.C.; Nagabhatla, N. Prediction of nutrients discharge from Krishna Delta to coast. 2010.
In: Sarala, C. et al. (eds.) Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Hydrology and Watershed Management. With a focal theme on climate change: water, food and environmental security. Vol. 1. Center for Water Resources, Intitute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
Krishna and Godavari deltas are rice bowl of India. The Krishna and Godavari districts of the Andhra Pradesh in India have a flourishing agricultural production and the farmers of these areas make use of the mineral rich alluvium of the Krishna river delta more effectively for the purpose. Farmers extensively pumped groundwater for irrigation, industries and extensively used fertilizers for crops. Saltwater intrusion may arise from natural causes or may be anthropogenic (such as excessive drawdown of freshwater for use in drinking, irrigation and industry, as has happened in the Krishna River delta). The nutrients are recharging to subsurface system and discharging to coast. Algal blooms are forming along the beaches due to higher nutrients discharge to coast. The objective of this paper is to predict subsurface groundwater and nutrient discharge to Krishna delta beach by numerical modelling.
Subject Descriptors: Nutrients (mineral); Rice fields; Fertilizers; Irrigation

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(Publication Type: Non refereed)
Johnston, R.M.; Hoanh, C.T.; Lacombe, G.; Noble, A.N.; Smakhtin, V.; Suhardiman, D.; Kam, S.P.; Choo, P.S. Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change. 2010. ISBN 978-92-9090-724-4.
International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 26 p.
Nations of the Greater Mekong Subregion need to ‘rethink’ their agricultural industries to meet future food needs, given the social shifts and climate changes that are forecast for the coming decades. With better farming practices, and by managing agriculture within the wider context of natural ecosystems, nations could boost production and increase the wealth and resilience of poor people in rural communities. Demand for food is forecast to double by 2050, as populations swell and people’s dietary choices change. If governments act now, they will be better placed to meet this target and withstand the more severe climatic changes likely to affect the GMS beyond 2050.These are the main messages of the summary report.
Subject Descriptors: Fisheries; Flood plains; Ecosystems; Food production; Environmental effects

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Loucks, C.; Barber-Meyer, S.; Hossain, M.A.A.; Barlow, A.; Chowdhury, R.M. Sea level rise and tigers: predicted impacts to Bangladesh's Sundarbans mangroves: a letter. 2010. ISSN 0165-0009.
Climatic Change 98:291-292.
The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, shared by India and Bangladesh, is recognized as a global priority for biodiversity conservation. Sea level rise, due to climate change, threatens the long term persistence of the Sundarbans forests and its biodiversity. Among the forests’ biota is the only tiger (Panthera tigris) population in the world adapted for life in mangrove forests. Prior predictions on the impacts of sea level rise on the Sundarbans have been hampered by coarse elevation data in this low-lying region, where every centimeter counts. Using high resolution elevation data, we estimate that with a 28 cm rise above 2000 sea levels, remaining tiger habitat in Bangladesh’s Sundarbans would decline by 96% and the number of breeding individuals would be reduced to less than 20. Assuming current sea level rise predictions and local conditions do not change, a 28 cm sea level rise is likely to occur in the next 50–90 years. If actions to both limit green house gas emissions and increase resilience of the Sundarbans are not initiated soon, the tigers of the Sundarbans may join the Arctic’s polar bears (Ursus maritimus) as early victims of climate change-induced habitat loss.

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Walker, B.; Sayer, J.; Andrew, N.L.; Campbell, B. Should enhanced resilience be an objective of natural resource management research for developing countries. 2010. ISSN 0011-183X.
Crop Science 50: S10-S19.
Productivity enhancement has traditionally been the main focus of agricultural research to alleviate poverty and enhance food security of poor farmers in the developing world. Recently, the harmful impact of climate change, economic volatility, and other external shocks on poor farmers has led to concern that resilience should feature alongside productivity as a major objective of research. The applicability of recent work on resilient social–ecological systems to the problems of poor farmers is reviewed, and proposals are made for issues that need to be addressed in determining when and how enhanced resilience might become an objective of research.

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SH206 A22 2008/09 (Publication Type: Annual report; Corporate)
The WorldFish Center. Annual report 2008/09. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2009. 10 p.
Along with a feature on our climate change work, this year’s Annual Report covers topics like fish breeding, coral reef work, post-cyclone rehabilitation, big numbers, and helping the most disadvantaged through aquaculture, to name just a few.

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(Publication Type: FAO technical report paper (Refereed))
Daw, T.; Adger, W.N.; Brown, K.; Badjeck, M.C. Climate change and capture fisheries: potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation. 2009. ISSN 2070-7010.
p. 107-150. In: Cochrane, K. ; De Young, C. ; Soto, D ; Bahri, T. (eds.) Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. no. 530. Rome, FAO.
The paper tackles the consequences of climate change impacts on fisheries and their dependent communities. It analyses the exposure, sensitivity and vulnerability of fisheries to climate change and presents examples of adaptive mechanisms currently used in the sector. The contribution of fisheries to greenhouse gas emissions is addressed and examples of mitigation strategies are given. The role of public policy and institutions in promoting climate change adaptation and mitigation is also explored.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic changes; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Issues Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Climate change and fisheries: vulnerability and adaptation in Cambodia. 2009.
Issue brief 2008. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia 8 p.
Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on fisheries, which supply livelihoods for millions and up to 80% of all animal protein in the diet. Most fisheries are highly variable by nature and subject to environmental change, including climate change. Hydropower dam construction, intensified fishing pressure and macroeconomic drivers are likely to affect Cambodian fisheries more immediately and visibly than climate change. Building fisher communities' capacity to adapt to these more immediate changes goes hand-in-hand with improving their capacity to adapt to climate change. A far-reaching strategy to improve adaptive capacity and strengthen resilience promises to reduce poverty and enhance food production now and in the years to come.

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(Publication Type: Issues Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Climate change and fisheries: vulnerability and adaptation in Cambodia [Khmer version] 2009.
Issue brief 2011-22. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia 8 p.
Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on fisheries, which supply livelihoods for millions and up to 80% of all animal protein in the diet. Most fisheries are highly variable by nature and subject to environmental change, including climate change. Hydropower dam construction, intensified fishing pressure and macroeconomic drivers are likely to affect Cambodian fisheries more immediately and visibly than climate change. Building fisher communities' capacity to adapt to these more immediate changes goes hand-in-hand with improving their capacity to adapt to climate change. A far-reaching strategy to improve adaptive capacity and strengthen resilience promises to reduce poverty and enhance food production now and in the years to come.

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(Publication Type: Report)
Macfadyen, G.; Allison, E. Climate change, fisheries, trade and competitiveness: understanding impacts and formulating responses for Commonwealth small states. 2009.
Report prepared for the Commonwealth Secretariat. 103 p.
This report focuses specifically on the likely impact of climate change on the trade and competitiveness of the fisheries sector in small developing Commonwealth States and thus contributes to bringing the fisheries sector into a more central role in policy discussion on climate change.

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(Publication Type: Issues Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Climate change: research to meet the challenges facing fisheries and aquaculture. 2009.
Issues Brief 1915. Penang, Malaysia. 6 p.
Climate change poses new challenges to the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture systems, with serious implications for the 520 million people who depend on them for their livelihoods and the nearly 3 billion people for whom fish is an important source of animal protein. This issues brief highlights key areas that WorldFish Center aims to work with partner to tackle this global problem.

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter)
Allison, E.H.; Beveridge, M.C.M.; van Brakel, M. Climate change, small-scale fisheries and smallholder aquaculture. 2009. ISBN 91-85205-87-5. ISSN 0023-5350.
p. 109-122. In: Wramner P., M. Cullberg and H. Ackefors (eds.) Fisheries, sustainability and development. Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Stockholm.
Fisheries and aquaculture both contribute to meeting the Millennium Development Goals but vulnerability to climate change threatens the contribution that they make to development. Impacts of climate change on small-scale fisheries are of great relevance to poverty reduction. Poverty undermines the resilience of social-ecological systems such as fisheries. The majority of the world’s 250 million fisherfolk lives in areas that are highly exposed to climate change. A combination of climate-related stresses and widespread overexploitation of fisheries reduces the scope for adaptation and increases risks of stock collapse. Aquaculture can utilize aquatic resources of marginal economic value and can provide a diversification strategy in the face of environmental change but is also susceptible to external risk factors, including climate change. This chapter examines the concepts of vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and resilience in relation to discussion on adaptation to climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Aquaculture

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (refereed))
Oliver, J.K.; Berkelmans, R.; Eakin, C.M. Coral bleaching in space and time. 2009. ISSN 0070-8356.
p. 21-37. In: van Oppen, M.J.H. and J.M. Lough (eds.). Coral bleaching: patterns, causes and consequences. Ecological Studies 205, Springer-Verlag, 2009.
One of the most dire consequences of global climate change for coral reefs is the increased frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events. This chapter looks at the spatial and temporal patterns of coral bleaching that can be detected in the Reefbase global database of bleaching records.
Subject Descriptors: Bleaching; Coral

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SH206 A8 #1994 2009 (Publication Type: Compendium)
The WorldFish Center. Donor programming for economic development, food security, environment, health and gender. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2009. 76 p.
The WorldFish Center reviews no. 1994.
This booklet provides a compilation of reviews for investor programming.The analyses focuses on thematic areas of economic development; environmental issues, food security and health and social issues. Specific chapters are devoted analyses of investor interests in areas of aquaculture and fisheries, markets and trade, governance & fisheries management, environmental issues including biodiversity, climate change, disasters, food security and nutrition, HIV and waterborne issues related to human health and gender. Overview tables are provided showing investor bilateral priorities and investor thematic priorities. It is a useful resource for identifying partnerships and funding for development programs and research. Because the analysis was prepared for WorldFish staff and partners, also included is a review of programs specific to fisheries and aquaculture. This omits the overview of what WorldFish is focused on and as such can be circulated to partners to promote greater engagement in project development.
Subject Descriptors: Donors; Funding opportunities; Funding

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(Publication Type: Briefs)
The WorldFish Center. Fisheries and aquaculture can provide solutions to cope with climate change. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2009.
Issues brief ; no. 1701.
This brief explains how climate change will affect aquatic systems and how fisheries and aquaculture will need to adapt to meet these changes. It provides a number of examples of how our projects are providing solutions to cope with climate change.

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(Publication Type: Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Fisheries and aquaculture in a changing climate. Rome: FAO, 2009.
This policy brief highlights the key issues to ensure that decision makers and climate change negotiators are aware of and understand the changes and their impacts, and the opportunities for adaptation and mitigation in aquatic ecosystems, fisheries and aquaculture at the UNFCCC COP-15 in Copenhagen in December 2009 and in national and local responses to climate change. The brief also reflects the consensus of 19 concerned international and regional agencies.

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(Publication Type: Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Mangrove revival diversifies livelihoods while addressing climate change. 2009.
Brief 1945. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 4 p.
Funded by the Australian Government, The project "Poverty alleviation, mangrove conservation and climate change: Carbon offsets as payments for mangrove ecosystem services in Solomon Islands" explores whether or not mangroves can be included in offset projects. This brief outlines the key elements of the projects, its key deliverables. The project offers the Government of Solomon Islands timely advice and enhanced technical expertise to cope with the costs and challenges arising from climate change. It trains Solomon Island scientists on the implications of, and opportunities for, using tradable carbon credits as a conservation tool and livelihood opportunity.

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(Publication Type: Peer reviewed publication)
Nagabhatla, N. (Contributor) Mountain GIS: promoting geographic information and earth observation applications for the sustainable development of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region. 2009.
Conference of the Mountain Forum and ICIMOD. 14-28 Jan 2008. Nepal, The Mountain Forum Secretariat. 60 p.
The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region, home to the largest concentration of glaciers outside of the polar region, is the ‘water-tower’ of Asia. The HKH mountain ecosystem provides life support services to almost a third of humanity. Many mountain issues such as management of water resources, climate change, biodiversity conservation and hazard mitigation are interconnected in nature and, therefore, need to be considered holistically. The relevance of geographic information (GI) and earth observation (EO) applications in supporting decision-making is being increasingly realised by technical experts, practitioners and policy makers. There is a growing need for generating spatial and temporal data to aid planning, management and policy formulation in the mountain context.
Subject Descriptors: GIS

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Dulvy, N.; Allison, E. A place at the table? (Commentary) 2009.
p. 68-70. Nature Report: climate change Vol. 3.
International organizations are calling for fisheries to be included in a new global deal on climate change. A consortium of 16 organizations including the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank and the WorldFish Center issued a policy brief to delegates meeting in Bonn from June 1-12 for the latest round of UN climate talks. Their key message was outlined in a Commentary by two of the authors of the brief published May 28 on Nature Reports Climate Change. Nick Dulvy, Canadian Research Chair in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, and Eddie Allison, director of the WorldFish Center in Penang, Malaysia, argue that climate impacts represent a serious threat to those who depend on fisheries and aquaculture resources both for protein and as a source of income.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Bell, J.D.; Kronen, M.; Vunisea, A.; Nash, W.J.; Keeble, G.; Demmke, A.; Pontifex, S.; Andréfouët, S. Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. 2009. ISSN 0308-597X.
Marine Policy 33:64-76.
Fish is a mainstay of food security for Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs). Recent household income and expenditure surveys, and socio-economic surveys, demonstrate that subsistence fishing still provides the great majority of dietary animal protein in the region. Forecasts of the fish required in 2030 to meet recommended per capita fish consumption, or to maintain current consumption, indicate that even wellmanaged coastal fisheries will only be able to meet the demand in 6 of 22 PICTs. Governments of many PICTs will need to increase local access to tuna, and develop small-pond aquaculture, to provide food security. Diversifying the supply of fish will make rural households in the Pacific more resilient to natural disasters, social and political instability, and the uncertainty of climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Coastal fisheries; Socioeconomic aspects; Fishery management; Population number; Yield; Fish consumption; Food fish

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter)
Allison, E.H.; Barange, M.; Dulvy, N.K. Sustaining fish supplies for food security in a changing climate. 2009. ISBN 978-92-63-11043-5.
p. 59-62. In: Climate Sense: Climate Predictions and Information for Decision Making. A publication for the World Climate Conference 3, Geneva. World Meteorological Organisation and Tudor Rose Ltd, Leicester, U.K.
The potential impacts of climate change on fishing communities and fishing supplies are profound. To tackle this issue involves 1. Strengthening science to inform adaptation needs and mitigation options. 2. Putting knowledge into policy and practice. 3) Collaboration for climate change adaptation.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Food security

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Allison, E.H.; Perry, A.L.; Badjeck, M.C.; Adger, W.N.; Brown, K.; Conway, D.; Halls, A.S.; Pilling, G.M.; Reynolds, J.D.; Andrew, N.L.; Dulvy, N.K. Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries. 2009. ISSN 1467-2960.
Fish and Fisheries 10(2):173-196.
Anthropogenic global warming has significantly influenced physical and biological processes at global and regional scales. The observed and anticipated changes in global climate present significant opportunities and challenges for societies and economies. We compare the vulnerability of 132 national economies to potential climate change impacts on their capture fisheries using an indicator-based approach. Countries in Central and Western Africa (e.g. Malawi, Guinea, Senegal, and Uganda), Peru and Colombia in north-western South America, and four tropical Asian countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, and Yemen) were identified as most vulnerable. This vulnerability was due to the combined effect of predicted warming, the relative importance of fisheries to national economies and diets, and limited societal capacity to adapt to potential impacts and opportunities. Many vulnerable countries were also among the world’s least developed countries whose inhabitants are among the world’s poorest and twice as reliant on fish, which provides 27% of dietary protein compared to 13% in less vulnerable countries. These countries also produce 20% of the world’s fish exports and are in greatest need of adaptation planning to maintain or enhance the contribution that fisheries can make to poverty reduction. Although the precise impacts and direction of climate-driven change for particular fish stocks and fisheries are uncertain, our analysis suggests they are likely to lead to either increased economic hardship or missed opportunities for development in countries that depend upon fisheries but lack the capacity to adapt.
Subject Descriptors: Climate change; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. Penang, Malaysia: The WorldFish Center, 2008. 8 p. (Policy Brief; 1865.)
Fish is a mainstay of food security for Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs). Diversifying the supply of fish will make rural households in the Pacific more resilient to natural disasters, social and political instability, and the uncertainty of climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Fish food; Food security; Policies

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(Publication Type: Success Stories)
The WorldFish Center. Success story: Cyclone-affected aquaculture in Bangladesh promptly restored. 2008.
A comprehensive study determines the best practices for post-disaster intervention.
Subject Descriptors: Poverty; Climate change; Aquaculture; Fisheries; Disaster

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(Publication Type: Success Stories)
The WorldFish Center. Success story: Post-disaster rehabilitation teaches resilience Lessons from Cyclone Sidr guide responses to worsening storms. 2008.
Lessons from Cyclone Sidr guide responses to worsening storms, as WorldFish seeks to understand and improve upon post-disaster recovery.
Subject Descriptors: Poverty; Climate change; Aquaculture; Fisheries; Disaster

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(Publication Type: Working paper)
WorldFish Center. Climate change and adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2007. 4 p.
This document is a draft paper to be used for discussion purposes only.

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Allison, E.H.; Andrew, N.L.; Oliver, J. Enhancing the resilience of inland fisheries and aquaculture systems to climate change. 2007.
Journal of SAT Agricultural Research 4(1) Dec 2007.
Online journal.
Some of the most important inland fisheries in the World are found in semi-arid regions. Production systems and livelihoods in arid and semi-arid areas are at risk from future climate variability and change; their fisheries are no exception. This paper reviews the importance of fisheries to livelihoods in ‘wetlands in drylands’, with a focus on case-studies in Africa. We examine the threats posed by climate change to the traditional ‘tri-economy’ of fishing, farming and livestock herding. Although both livelihood strategies and local institutions are highly adapted to cope with, and benefit from, climate-induced variability, weaknesses in the wider governance and macro-economic environment mean that the overall adaptive capacity of these regions is low and the farmer-herder-fishers are vulnerable to projected climate change. In order to maintain the important nutritional, economic, cultural and social benefits of fisheries in the face of climate change, planned adaptation at scales from the local to the regional (trans-national) is required. We use the concept of resilience in linked social-ecological systems to examine how such responses may be developed and promoted. Key strategies include facilitating people’s geographical and occupational mobility, improving intersectoral water and land-use planning, and promoting forms of aquaculture that help build resilience of farming systems to seasonal and episodic water deficits.

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WF PB #1 (Publication Type: Briefs)
The WorldFish Center. The threat to fisheries and aquaculture from climate change. Penang, Malaysia: The WorldFish Center, 2007. 8 p.
Subject Descriptors: Aquaculture; Climatic changes

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Z5971 S5 2006 (Publication Type: Bibliography)
Shriver, A.L.; Yeo, B.H.; Ting, K.O.; Garcia, M.; Ahmed, M. Annotated bibliography on the economic effects of global climate change on fisheries. Penang: WorldFish Center, 2006. 45 p. (WorlFish Center contribution: no. 1787.) ISBN 983-2346-52-5.
Prepared for: Consultation on the impace of global climate change on aquatic resources, food and income security of fishing-dependent populations 24-25 Aug 2005 San Diego, Cal. USA.
Subject Descriptors: Fisheries; Bibliography; Climatic changes

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