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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Loucks, C.; Barber-Meyer, S.; Abraham Hossain, M.A.; Barlow, A.; Chowdhury, R.M. Sea level rise and tigers: predicted impacts to Bangladesh's Sundarbans mangroves: a letter. 2010. ISSN 0165-0009.
Climatic Change 98:291-292.
The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, shared by India and Bangladesh, is recognized as a global priority for biodiversity conservation. Sea level rise, due to climate change, threatens the long term persistence of the Sundarbans forests and its biodiversity. Among the forests’ biota is the only tiger (Panthera tigris) population in the world adapted for life in mangrove forests. Prior predictions on the impacts of sea level rise on the Sundarbans have been hampered by coarse elevation data in this low-lying region, where every centimeter counts. Using high resolution elevation data, we estimate that with a 28 cm rise above 2000 sea levels, remaining tiger habitat in Bangladesh’s Sundarbans would decline by 96% and the number of breeding individuals would be reduced to less than 20. Assuming current sea level rise predictions and local conditions do not change, a 28 cm sea level rise is likely to occur in the next 50–90 years. If actions to both limit green house gas emissions and increase resilience of the Sundarbans are not initiated soon, the tigers of the Sundarbans may join the Arctic’s polar bears (Ursus maritimus) as early victims of climate change-induced habitat loss.

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SH206 A22 2008/09 (Publication Type: Annual report; Corporate)
WorldFish Center. Annual report 2008/09. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2009. 10 p.
Along with a feature on our climate change work, this year’s Annual Report covers topics like fish breeding, coral reef work, post-cyclone rehabilitation, big numbers, and helping the most disadvantaged through aquaculture, to name just a few.

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(Publication Type: FAO technical report paper (Refereed))
Daw, T.; Adger, W.N.; Brown, K.; Badjeck, M.C. Climate change and capture fisheries: potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation. 2009. ISSN 2070-7010.
p. 107-150. In: Cochrane, K. ; De Young, C. ; Soto, D ; Bahri, T. (eds.) Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. no. 530. Rome, FAO.
The paper tackles the consequences of climate change impacts on fisheries and their dependent communities. It analyses the exposure, sensitivity and vulnerability of fisheries to climate change and presents examples of adaptive mechanisms currently used in the sector. The contribution of fisheries to greenhouse gas emissions is addressed and examples of mitigation strategies are given. The role of public policy and institutions in promoting climate change adaptation and mitigation is also explored.
Subject Descriptors: Climatic changes; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Issues Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Climate change and fisheries: vulnerability and adaptation in Cambodia. 2009.
Issue brief 2008. WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia 8 p.
Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on fisheries, which supply livelihoods for millions and up to 80% of all animal protein in the diet. Most fisheries are highly variable by nature and subject to environmental change, including climate change. Hydropower dam construction, intensified fishing pressure and macroeconomic drivers are likely to affect Cambodian fisheries more immediately and visibly than climate change. Building fisher communities' capacity to adapt to these more immediate changes goes hand-in-hand with improving their capacity to adapt to climate change. A far-reaching strategy to improve adaptive capacity and strengthen resilience promises to reduce poverty and enhance food production now and in the years to come.

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(Publication Type: Report)
Macfadyen, G.; Allison, E. Climate change, fisheries, trade and competitiveness: understanding impacts and formulating responses for Commonwealth small states. 2009.
Report prepared for the Commonwealth Secretariat. 103 p.
This report focuses specifically on the likely impact of climate change on the trade and competitiveness of the fisheries sector in small developing Commonwealth States and thus contributes to bringing the fisheries sector into a more central role in policy discussion on climate change.

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(Publication Type: Issues Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Climate change: research to meet the challenges facing fisheries and aquaculture. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish Center, 2009. 6 p.
Issues Brief 1915.
Climate change poses new challenges to the sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture systems, with serious implications for the 520 million people who depend on them for their livelihoods and the nearly 3 billion people for whom fish is an important source of animal protein. This issues brief highlights key areas that WorldFish Center aims to work with partner to tackle this global problem.

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter)
Allison, E.H.; Beveridge, M.C.M.; van Brakel, M. Climate change, small-scale fisheries and smallholder aquaculture. 2009. ISBN 91-85205-87-5. ISSN 0023-5350.
p. 109-122. In: Wramner P., M. Cullberg and H. Ackefors (eds.) Fisheries, sustainability and development. Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Stockholm.
Fisheries and aquaculture both contribute to meeting the Millennium Development Goals but vulnerability to climate change threatens the contribution that they make to development. Impacts of climate change on small-scale fisheries are of great relevance to poverty reduction. Poverty undermines the resilience of social-ecological systems such as fisheries. The majority of the world’s 250 million fisherfolk lives in areas that are highly exposed to climate change. A combination of climate-related stresses and widespread overexploitation of fisheries reduces the scope for adaptation and increases risks of stock collapse. Aquaculture can utilize aquatic resources of marginal economic value and can provide a diversification strategy in the face of environmental change but is also susceptible to external risk factors, including climate change. This chapter examines the concepts of vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and resilience in relation to discussion on adaptation to climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Aquaculture

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter (refereed))
Oliver, J.K.; Berkelmans, R.; Eakin, C.M. Coral bleaching in space and time. 2009. ISSN 0070-8356.
p. 21-37. In: van Oppen, M.J.H. and J.M. Lough (eds.). Coral bleaching: patterns, causes and consequences. Ecological Studies 205, Springer-Verlag, 2009.
One of the most dire consequences of global climate change for coral reefs is the increased frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events. This chapter looks at the spatial and temporal patterns of coral bleaching that can be detected in the Reefbase global database of bleaching records.
Subject Descriptors: Bleaching; Coral

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(Publication Type: Briefs)
Fisheries and aquaculture can provide solutions to cope with climate change. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2009.
Issues brief ; no. 1701.
This brief explains how climate change will affect aquatic systems and how fisheries and aquaculture will need to adapt to meet these changes. It provides a number of examples of how our projects are providing solutions to cope with climate change.

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(Publication Type: Brief)
Fisheries and aquaculture in a changing climate. Rome: FAO, 2009.
This policy brief highlights the key issues to ensure that decision makers and climate change negotiators are aware of and understand the changes and their impacts, and the opportunities for adaptation and mitigation in aquatic ecosystems, fisheries and aquaculture at the UNFCCC COP-15 in Copenhagen in December 2009 and in national and local responses to climate change. The brief also reflects the consensus of 19 concerned international and regional agencies.

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Badjeck, M.C.; Allison, E.H.; Halls, A.S.; Dulvy, N.K. Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods. 2009. ISSN 0308-597X.
Marine Policy [Online]
There is increasing concern over the consequences of global warming for the food security and livelihoods of the world’s 36million fisherfolk and the nearly 1.5billion consumers who rely on fish for more than 20% of their dietary animal protein.With mounting evidence of the impacts of climate variability and change on aquatic ecosystems,the resulting impacts on fisheries livelihoods are likely to be significant, but remain a neglected area in climate adaptation policy.Drawing upon our research and the available literature,and using a livelihoods framework, this paper synthesizes the pathways through which climate variability and change impact fisherfolk livelihoods at the household and community level. We identify current and potential adaptation strategies and explore the wider implications for local livelihoods, fisheries management and climate policies.Responses to climate change can be anticipatory or reactive and should include:(1)management approaches and policies that build the livelihood asset base,reducing vulnerability to multiple stressors,including climate change;(2)an understanding of current response mechanisms to climate variability and other shocks in order to inform planned adaptation;(3)a recognition of the opportunities that climate change could bring to the sector; (4)adaptive strategies designed with a multi-sector perspective; and(5)a recognition of fisheries potential contribution to mitigation efforts.

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(Publication Type: Brief)
The WorldFish Center. Mangrove revival diversifies livelihoods while addressing climate change. 2009.
Brief 1945. WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 4 p.
Funded by the Australian Government, The project "Poverty alleviation, mangrove conservation and climate change: Carbon offsets as payments for mangrove ecosystem services in Solomon Islands" explores whether or not mangroves can be included in offset projects. This brief outlines the key elements of the projects, its key deliverables. The project offers the Government of Solomon Islands timely advice and enhanced technical expertise to cope with the costs and challenges arising from climate change. It trains Solomon Island scientists on the implications of, and opportunities for, using tradable carbon credits as a conservation tool and livelihood opportunity.

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(Publication Type: Peer reviewed publication)
Nagabhatla, N. (Contributor) Mountain GIS: promoting geographic information and earth observation applications for the sustainable development of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region. 2009.
Conference of the Mountain Forum and ICIMOD. 14-28 Jan 2008. Nepal, The Mountain Forum Secretariat. 60 p.
The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region, home to the largest concentration of glaciers outside of the polar region, is the ‘water-tower’ of Asia. The HKH mountain ecosystem provides life support services to almost a third of humanity. Many mountain issues such as management of water resources, climate change, biodiversity conservation and hazard mitigation are interconnected in nature and, therefore, need to be considered holistically. The relevance of geographic information (GI) and earth observation (EO) applications in supporting decision-making is being increasingly realised by technical experts, practitioners and policy makers. There is a growing need for generating spatial and temporal data to aid planning, management and policy formulation in the mountain context.
Subject Descriptors: GIS

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Dulvy, N.; Allison, E. A place at the table? (Commentary) 2009.
p. 68-70. Nature Report: climate change Vol. 3.
International organizations are calling for fisheries to be included in a new global deal on climate change. A consortium of 16 organizations including the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank and the WorldFish Center issued a policy brief to delegates meeting in Bonn from June 1-12 for the latest round of UN climate talks. Their key message was outlined in a Commentary by two of the authors of the brief published May 28 on Nature Reports Climate Change. Nick Dulvy, Canadian Research Chair in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, and Eddie Allison, director of the WorldFish Center in Penang, Malaysia, argue that climate impacts represent a serious threat to those who depend on fisheries and aquaculture resources both for protein and as a source of income.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Bell, J.D.; Kronen, M.; Vunisea, A.; Nash, W.J.; Keeble, G.; Demmke, A.; Pontifex, S.; Andréfouët, S. Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. 2009. ISSN 0308-597X.
Marine Policy 33:64-76.
Fish is a mainstay of food security for Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs). Recent household income and expenditure surveys, and socio-economic surveys, demonstrate that subsistence fishing still provides the great majority of dietary animal protein in the region. Forecasts of the fish required in 2030 to meet recommended per capita fish consumption, or to maintain current consumption, indicate that even wellmanaged coastal fisheries will only be able to meet the demand in 6 of 22 PICTs. Governments of many PICTs will need to increase local access to tuna, and develop small-pond aquaculture, to provide food security. Diversifying the supply of fish will make rural households in the Pacific more resilient to natural disasters, social and political instability, and the uncertainty of climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Coastal fisheries; Socioeconomic aspects; Fishery management; Population number; Yield; Fish consumption; Food fish

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(Publication Type: Book Chapter)
Allison, E.H.; Barange, M.; Dulvy, N.K. Sustaining fish supplies for food security in a changing climate. 2009. ISBN 978-92-63-11043-5.
p. 59-62. In: Climate Sense: Climate Predictions and Information for Decision Making. A publication for the World Climate Conference 3, Geneva. World Meteorological Organisation and Tudor Rose Ltd, Leicester, U.K.
The potential impacts of climate change on fishing communities and fishing supplies are profound. To tackle this issue involves 1. Strengthening science to inform adaptation needs and mitigation options. 2. Putting knowledge into policy and practice. 3) Collaboration for climate change adaptation.
Subject Descriptors: Climate changes; Food security

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Allison, E.H.; Perry, A.L.; Badjeck, M.C.; Adger, W.N.; Brown, K.; Conway, D.; Halls, A.S.; Pilling, G.M.; Reynolds, J.D.; Andrew, N.L.; Dulvy, N.K. Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries. 2009. ISSN 1467-2960.
Fish and Fisheries 10(2):173-196.
Anthropogenic global warming has significantly influenced physical and biological processes at global and regional scales. The observed and anticipated changes in global climate present significant opportunities and challenges for societies and economies. We compare the vulnerability of 132 national economies to potential climate change impacts on their capture fisheries using an indicator-based approach. Countries in Central and Western Africa (e.g. Malawi, Guinea, Senegal, and Uganda), Peru and Colombia in north-western South America, and four tropical Asian countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, and Yemen) were identified as most vulnerable. This vulnerability was due to the combined effect of predicted warming, the relative importance of fisheries to national economies and diets, and limited societal capacity to adapt to potential impacts and opportunities. Many vulnerable countries were also among the world’s least developed countries whose inhabitants are among the world’s poorest and twice as reliant on fish, which provides 27% of dietary protein compared to 13% in less vulnerable countries. These countries also produce 20% of the world’s fish exports and are in greatest need of adaptation planning to maintain or enhance the contribution that fisheries can make to poverty reduction. Although the precise impacts and direction of climate-driven change for particular fish stocks and fisheries are uncertain, our analysis suggests they are likely to lead to either increased economic hardship or missed opportunities for development in countries that depend upon fisheries but lack the capacity to adapt.
Subject Descriptors: Climate change; Fisheries

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(Publication Type: Brief)
WorldFish Center. Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. Penang, Malaysia: The WorldFish Center, 2008. 8 p. (Policy Brief; 1865.)
Fish is a mainstay of food security for Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs). Diversifying the supply of fish will make rural households in the Pacific more resilient to natural disasters, social and political instability, and the uncertainty of climate change.
Subject Descriptors: Fish food; Food security; Policies

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(Publication Type: Success Stories)
The WorldFish Center. Success story: Cyclone-affected aquaculture in Bangladesh promptly restored. 2008.
A comprehensive study determines the best practices for post-disaster intervention.
Subject Descriptors: Poverty; Climate change; Aquaculture; Fisheries; Disaster

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(Publication Type: Success Stories)
The WorldFish Center. Success story: Post-disaster rehabilitation teaches resilience
Lessons from Cyclone Sidr guide responses to worsening storms. 2008.
Lessons from Cyclone Sidr guide responses to worsening storms, as WorldFish seeks to understand and improve upon post-disaster recovery.
Subject Descriptors: Poverty; Climate change; Aquaculture; Fisheries; Disaster

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(Publication Type: Working paper)
WorldFish Center. Climate change and adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture. Penang: The WorldFish Center, 2007. 4 p.
This document is a draft paper to be used for discussion purposes only.

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(Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Article)
Allison, E.H.; Andrew, N.L.; Oliver, J. Enhancing the resilience of inland fisheries and aquaculture systems to climate change. 2007.
Journal of SAT Agricultural Research 4(1) Dec 2007.
Online journal.
Some of the most important inland fisheries in the World are found in semi-arid regions. Production systems and livelihoods in arid and semi-arid areas are at risk from future climate variability and change; their fisheries are no exception. This paper reviews the importance of fisheries to livelihoods in ‘wetlands in drylands’, with a focus on case-studies in Africa. We examine the threats posed by climate change to the traditional ‘tri-economy’ of fishing, farming and livestock herding. Although both livelihood strategies and local institutions are highly adapted to cope with, and benefit from, climate-induced variability, weaknesses in the wider governance and macro-economic environment mean that the overall adaptive capacity of these regions is low and the farmer-herder-fishers are vulnerable to projected climate change. In order to maintain the important nutritional, economic, cultural and social benefits of fisheries in the face of climate change, planned adaptation at scales from the local to the regional (trans-national) is required. We use the concept of resilience in linked social-ecological systems to examine how such responses may be developed and promoted. Key strategies include facilitating people’s geographical and occupational mobility, improving intersectoral water and land-use planning, and promoting forms of aquaculture that help build resilience of farming systems to seasonal and episodic water deficits.

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WF PB #1 (Publication Type: Briefs)
The WorldFish Center. The threat to fisheries and aquaculture from climate change. Penang, Malaysia: The WorldFish Center, 2007. 8 p.
Subject Descriptors: Aquaculture; Climatic changes

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Z5971 S5 2006 (Publication Type: Bibliography)
Shriver, A.L.; Yeo, B.H.; Ting, K.O.; Garcia, M.; Ahmed, M. Annotated bibliography on the economic effects of global climate change on fisheries. Penang: WorldFish Center, 2006. 45 p. (WorlFish Center contribution: no. 1787.) ISBN 983-2346-52-5.
Prepared for: Consultation on the impace of global climate change on aquatic resources, food and income security of fishing-dependent populations 24-25 Aug 2005 San Diego, Cal. USA.
Subject Descriptors: Fisheries; Bibliography; Climatic changes

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